Friday, 16 March 2012
Touch Or No Touch?
A new smartphone has just been released where users can browse the web by hovering a finger above links rather than touching them. Sony is the creator of this and hopes to go on sale before the end of 2012. There are still a few issues and problems where people are deciding whether the phone will be practical and useful as well as being popular. Sony says the aim of the new smartphone is to allow users to answer calls, use the web, and flick through pictures etc without having to touch the actual phone but to use gestures instead. Will this prove beneficial? In my opinion it seems Sony has created this gadget to cause a huge buzz around the new creation. Whereas I don’t think it will prove to be any better than what a touch phone already is.
Wi-Fi At The Underground
Virgin Media has finally won the battle of providing free Wi Fi at the London Underground by the end of 2012. Wi-Fi will only be found in specific areas as it would have cost a lot of money to reconstruct the tube in order to receive internet signals. This service will only be free before the Olympics finish and then will be a pay as you go service. Virgin Media has said to start with Wi-Fi in 80 stations by the summer and then up to 120 stations by the end of 2012. Virgin Media’s CEO; Neil Berkett, said: "We'll help people make the most of the city and will continue to evolve the service, ensuring everyone can benefit from a service London will be proud of” I believe this an excellent idea as it shows how we have become so dependent on the internet for our everyday lives and it will also be very useful for travelling workers and students.
Thursday, 15 March 2012
The Hypodermic Needle Theory
The Hypodermic Needle Theory suggests audiences are completely passive to their surroundings, “Uniformly controlled by their biologically based 'instincts' and that they react more or less uniformly to whatever 'stimuli' came along" . Female characters in Vampire Diaries, are seen to be strong, wise and powerful, which are characteristics for young girls to aspire to and creates the ideology that they have the idealistic lives that girls would admire, hence drawing in a larger female audience. In Vampire Diaries, the female protagonists are successful of painting the image of strong love, but it not at the expense of character portrayal. The women of Mystic Falls are independent, physically powerful, well written characters and they’ve developed their personalities throughout the seasons. In The Vampire Diaries, Elena is shown to be a strong character through close up shots which show her powerful facial expressions and serious tone. She is also shown in low angle shots which make her seem domineering and authoritative. Elena’s dialogue and scenes are serious which highlight her character of being successful and strong. By addressing these characteristics, young girls tend to conform to typical stereotypes and make the audiences strive to become like the protagonists, influence them to fulfil their aspirations and copy their looks and attitudes. "People are becoming inspired by the characteristics of the vampire, and see them as a source of fulfilling their potential and inner abilities.” There are negative impacts towards the Copycat Theory, where young girls have gone around biting other young girls to act as Vampires. The JSYK website has written an article called “Love Bites: Vampire Craze Inspires Teen Biting Trend" and have raised the issue where teens are biting each other to show their love and affection. Cohen’s theory of delinquency elaborates on this as it shows younger people have lower prospects and education which leads to frustration and replacing societies’ norms.
Wednesday, 14 March 2012
Ciara - Like A Boy Analysis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLVZFJ5MyZU
At the beginning of the music video we hear Ciara starting the song with "Ladies, I think it’s time to switch the roles" this emphasises the song title and begins to convey her message across. We then see a close up shot of Ciara’s hands and arms which have tattoos all over them and wears very big, manly rings. Also in the second shot we have Ciara sitting in a throne like chair which could connote her strenght and power. Her slouch and posture definatly contrasts with a way a woman is supposed to sit which makes her look quite like a man.
Her clothing is the complete opposite to what a woman normally wears as we see Ciara wearing baggy jeans, a vest top and a hat. Her accessories consist of chunky chains and rings to bring out the masculinity she is trying to convey. This begins to highlight Ciara's masculine approach and alters the stereotypical gender roles women usually have in hip hop videos.
We also see Ciara circling a man who is at a lower level than her. This could imply she has a greater power than him and is at a higher rank than him, acknowleding women are the greater sex in this video. The close ups of her talking in his ear and her angry facial expressions also suggest this and show that the man is weak and helpless. Ciara also spells her name in a bold sort of manner "C.I.A.R.A". This emphasises her status.
There is a shot of Ciara holding the crotch area, this plays around with gender roles as men are usually seen to do this to show their power. Ciara's clothing is very man-ish even when shes wearing a suit, she looks exactly like a man and dances like one. Her stick used could be seen as a phalic symbol to highlight the manhood of this video. Ciara's dance moves are also quite masculine.
At the beginning of the music video we hear Ciara starting the song with "Ladies, I think it’s time to switch the roles" this emphasises the song title and begins to convey her message across. We then see a close up shot of Ciara’s hands and arms which have tattoos all over them and wears very big, manly rings. Also in the second shot we have Ciara sitting in a throne like chair which could connote her strenght and power. Her slouch and posture definatly contrasts with a way a woman is supposed to sit which makes her look quite like a man.
Her clothing is the complete opposite to what a woman normally wears as we see Ciara wearing baggy jeans, a vest top and a hat. Her accessories consist of chunky chains and rings to bring out the masculinity she is trying to convey. This begins to highlight Ciara's masculine approach and alters the stereotypical gender roles women usually have in hip hop videos.
We also see Ciara circling a man who is at a lower level than her. This could imply she has a greater power than him and is at a higher rank than him, acknowleding women are the greater sex in this video. The close ups of her talking in his ear and her angry facial expressions also suggest this and show that the man is weak and helpless. Ciara also spells her name in a bold sort of manner "C.I.A.R.A". This emphasises her status.
There is a shot of Ciara holding the crotch area, this plays around with gender roles as men are usually seen to do this to show their power. Ciara's clothing is very man-ish even when shes wearing a suit, she looks exactly like a man and dances like one. Her stick used could be seen as a phalic symbol to highlight the manhood of this video. Ciara's dance moves are also quite masculine.
Emo Culture And Vampires
It is believed that when institutions create such films they are produced for a reason. Vampires have become increasingly popular and this has generated a large target audience and profit. As the Vampire phase came in our lives, more and more Vampire related media texts were being produced due to the current trend. Cycles of popularity can be seen “When any texts become exceptionally popular you can be certain that ‘follow ups’ will not be far behind” Institutions understood the popularity of Vampires and decided to capitalise on the present fashion. Today we are aware of the different stereotypes created in society. “Emo culture” is relatively new and is based upon a rebellious, anti-social, cult-like nature. “The popularity of the vampire today [...] being a "vampire" (or a Goth, for that matter) is for today's youth what being a "hippie" was for the youth of the 60s” . Emos and Goths tend to follow dark films and aspire to horror movies involving Vampires, ghosts and death etc. Their culture has followed around the Vampire phase and has made it become even more popular.
Edward Cullen Analysis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xO37pjrTBEY&feature=related
In The Twilight Series, the male protagonist, Edward, possesses these dominant characteristics and attracts many young females with ease. Throughout the Twilight Series, Edward Cullen seems to enter in a sensual and exotic manner, which immediately connotes his charismatic and stunning persona. We see Edward in a majority of close ups which enable us to see his perfect features and beautiful face. A slight smirk and sexy look draw the female audience like a magnet. Edward Cullen never looks directly towards the camera which allows the audience to feel comfortable whilst watching him. The background behind him is very plain and simple which keeps all eyes focused towards him. His personality is shown through the non diegetic sound whilst he walks towards Bella and makes him seem very dominant and masculine. Within the first few minutes of watching Edward, we become aware of the attractiveness and give him an increased sense of masculinity which allures the “female gaze” which “sets up a relationship between the male body as an object of erotic visual pleasure” producing a bold expression of the female desire. Gamman and Marshment’s description of the female gaze is “a mere cross-identification with masculinity" which is mainly shown in teen magazines and films that are clearly designed to appeal to the Female Gaze. The high key lighting is used to highlight Edward’s perfect features which make him seem more desirable. His eyes continuously look to the floor which gives him a frightening, yet vulnerable approach; this invites the female audience in and draws them into becoming obsessed. Edward Cullen is also immortal; this ideology allows him to be forever young and handsome but also making him mature and cynical; a combination of the “bad boy attitude” which young girls are fascinated with. Chris Weitz, the director of The Twilight Saga; Eclipse, reinforces the new traits of a Vampire and allow the main target audience to be drawn into the looks, powers and personalities of the new Vampire.
In The Twilight Series, the male protagonist, Edward, possesses these dominant characteristics and attracts many young females with ease. Throughout the Twilight Series, Edward Cullen seems to enter in a sensual and exotic manner, which immediately connotes his charismatic and stunning persona. We see Edward in a majority of close ups which enable us to see his perfect features and beautiful face. A slight smirk and sexy look draw the female audience like a magnet. Edward Cullen never looks directly towards the camera which allows the audience to feel comfortable whilst watching him. The background behind him is very plain and simple which keeps all eyes focused towards him. His personality is shown through the non diegetic sound whilst he walks towards Bella and makes him seem very dominant and masculine. Within the first few minutes of watching Edward, we become aware of the attractiveness and give him an increased sense of masculinity which allures the “female gaze” which “sets up a relationship between the male body as an object of erotic visual pleasure” producing a bold expression of the female desire. Gamman and Marshment’s description of the female gaze is “a mere cross-identification with masculinity" which is mainly shown in teen magazines and films that are clearly designed to appeal to the Female Gaze. The high key lighting is used to highlight Edward’s perfect features which make him seem more desirable. His eyes continuously look to the floor which gives him a frightening, yet vulnerable approach; this invites the female audience in and draws them into becoming obsessed. Edward Cullen is also immortal; this ideology allows him to be forever young and handsome but also making him mature and cynical; a combination of the “bad boy attitude” which young girls are fascinated with. Chris Weitz, the director of The Twilight Saga; Eclipse, reinforces the new traits of a Vampire and allow the main target audience to be drawn into the looks, powers and personalities of the new Vampire.
Vampires And Sex
Vampire films also contain a lot of sexual connotations, “The act of vampirism is an intimate one: the mouth [...] pressed against the victim's skin, biting and sucking” this allows the gothic genre to explore new meanings of sex and allow audiences to relate to this. For example, True Blood creator Alan Ball says "To me, vampires are sex" therefore there are endless amounts of sex in True Blood, where we see Bill throwing Lorena across the room then chucking her onto the bed where he performs rape like sex with her while twisting her head around. The quick close ups show the intensity of the scene and the fact Lorena and Bill are both screaming makes it seem a lot more passionate and sexual. The lighting is very low key which connotes sex and desire. Sex in Vampire films could act as a sexual awakening for young females and suggest adult themes which they are not yet aware of. This content draws in a younger audience as they seem to be curious and interested in the topic. Also, Laura Mulvey states “rape scenes are shot from the perpetrator’s, not the victim’s point of view therefore underpinning the male gaze” this highlights male viewers can also be attracted to the Vampire genre by the use of camera angles and positioning of the female characters.
Vampires Over The Years...
Over the years, Vampires have become adjusted to adhere to social issues and relate to the target audience. In various Vampire films, "Vampires are no longer lonely creatures hiding in the underground of our cities; they live with us in the daylight in our towns and suburbs" . This is apparent in The Twilight Series, where all the Vampire characters live among the usual lifestyle of others and remain following the rules of human society, “The vampire is no longer a monster that needs to be exclusively destroyed” . Vampires are the story of many folklore and fantasy novels, dating all the way back to the famous classic 1979 Nosferatu the Vampyre. Nosferatu was a tall, cadaverous old man with no hair. His fingers, ears and teeth all formed points and his skin was pale white. This vampire, as immortalized by Bram Stoker in 1897 “is far removed from the face of vampires today” . The Horror of Dracula made in 1958 highlights the key changes made in Vampire films today. Christopher Lee’s performance shows the upmost foul villain from hell. The lighting is usually low key as Dracula cannot go out into the sunlight; this connotes his wickedness and may foreshadow bad occurrences later on in the film. His facial expressions are constantly of him in pain and death to highlight the vulnerability he has in the sunlight. His clothing consists of a long black cloak which emphasises his bad side which shows the audience that Vampires are only horrific. The film consists of many classical “conventions that are specific to itself, such as Vampire’s aversion to garlic” . This is the complete opposite of what we find in Vampire films today where they sparkle in the sunlight and have special powers such as mind reading and great physical strength. The new dark Vampire romance genre has created such a burning desire with young females which have resulted in books and films being adapted by film and television.
Against Moral Panic
There are some representations of teenagers such as Eastenders and The Simpsons that cannot be seen as a moral panic. These alternative representations show how some teenagers are well behaved and do not take drugs or involve themselves in sexual attitudes. In the Simpsons, Lisa Simpson is seen as a clever, intelligent, well mannered girl. Therefore this representation shows the audience that teenagers can be successful and good. In Eastenders, Tamwar Masood is constructed as a stereotypical Muslim boy who is an academic boy who listens to his parents all the time. Therefore, this alternative representation shows the audience that teenagers are positive and are willing to behave well. These alternative representations, have allowed society to see some teenagers positively.
Moral Panic? - Bully And Skins
Bully Videogame - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCXbs9ao7sM
Skins Opening - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJbv1dqdX3Y&feature=related
The teenagers in the video game for Bully are a negative representation. The first teenage boy we see is objectified as being a child of misbehaviour and disobedience, this shown by the way he is dressed as he has with his shirt tucked out, his tie loosely hung around his neck, his shaven head and the way he talks and openly gestures. The use of a long shot as we watch him sliding down a hand rail immediately gives the sense of insolence and disrespect; this shows his character to be off-putting which therefore creates a stereotypical view upon all teenagers to act the same. The medium shots of the “bully” harassing a teacher and school kids emphasise towards the audience teenage boys are all troublesome. While children play this game they can be injected with the same ideologies of misbehaviour and disrespect and begin to believe this behaviour is suitable. Some teenagers may copy attitudes from the “Bully” and bring them to their own lives, such as sneaking around and creating fires in the classroom. Girls are also represented negatively in this game trailer as we see a young girl who is laid back whilst talking about “dirty pictures” and connoting sex references. This gives the idea that sex is fine and accepted. Teenagers are represented as creating havoc and trouble.
Similarly, in the opening for “Skins”, teenagers are seen as disobedient and mischievous. The quick montage shots show the teenagers smoking drugs, homosexual themes and a general laid back attitude. This immediately emphasises moral panics for adults as they believe all teenagers are influenced by what they see on the television and can adopt bad behaviour, also creating a negative view on society’s issues. This can highlight the theory by Stanley Cohen who speaks of when a society sees itself threatened by the values and activities of a group, in this case teenagers. On the other hand, producers of Skins may be creating such programmes to educate kids on the dangers and real life situations children face now a days.
The representation of teenagers in both texts may cause moral panics as adults may feel that teenagers are troublesome and can be injected with ideologies that drugs, causing havoc and sex are all acceptable in today’s society.
Skins Opening - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJbv1dqdX3Y&feature=related
The teenagers in the video game for Bully are a negative representation. The first teenage boy we see is objectified as being a child of misbehaviour and disobedience, this shown by the way he is dressed as he has with his shirt tucked out, his tie loosely hung around his neck, his shaven head and the way he talks and openly gestures. The use of a long shot as we watch him sliding down a hand rail immediately gives the sense of insolence and disrespect; this shows his character to be off-putting which therefore creates a stereotypical view upon all teenagers to act the same. The medium shots of the “bully” harassing a teacher and school kids emphasise towards the audience teenage boys are all troublesome. While children play this game they can be injected with the same ideologies of misbehaviour and disrespect and begin to believe this behaviour is suitable. Some teenagers may copy attitudes from the “Bully” and bring them to their own lives, such as sneaking around and creating fires in the classroom. Girls are also represented negatively in this game trailer as we see a young girl who is laid back whilst talking about “dirty pictures” and connoting sex references. This gives the idea that sex is fine and accepted. Teenagers are represented as creating havoc and trouble.
Similarly, in the opening for “Skins”, teenagers are seen as disobedient and mischievous. The quick montage shots show the teenagers smoking drugs, homosexual themes and a general laid back attitude. This immediately emphasises moral panics for adults as they believe all teenagers are influenced by what they see on the television and can adopt bad behaviour, also creating a negative view on society’s issues. This can highlight the theory by Stanley Cohen who speaks of when a society sees itself threatened by the values and activities of a group, in this case teenagers. On the other hand, producers of Skins may be creating such programmes to educate kids on the dangers and real life situations children face now a days.
The representation of teenagers in both texts may cause moral panics as adults may feel that teenagers are troublesome and can be injected with ideologies that drugs, causing havoc and sex are all acceptable in today’s society.
The Use Of Social Networking
The appearance of new and digital media has allowed different audiences to shape their own media representations, especially the younger audience. This is because this generation is the internet era and teenagers are most likely to use e to be more plural in the way they represent themselves.
Through social networking sites teenagers can represent themselves and changes the values and ideologies teenagers are associated with. Blog making sites such as BlogSpot have given teenagers the power to speak their minds and to form their own representations. User generated content (UGC) has allowed teenagers to put up their views and own material on the internet. In some situations teenagers have put up interesting and arguable work which has allowed adults to see this and change their views on teenagers, for example Twitter and Facebook. The younger audiences can join groups and present themselves positively.
Through social networking sites teenagers can represent themselves and changes the values and ideologies teenagers are associated with. Blog making sites such as BlogSpot have given teenagers the power to speak their minds and to form their own representations. User generated content (UGC) has allowed teenagers to put up their views and own material on the internet. In some situations teenagers have put up interesting and arguable work which has allowed adults to see this and change their views on teenagers, for example Twitter and Facebook. The younger audiences can join groups and present themselves positively.
Scene From Scarface
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6L8NFcMakk
In this scene from Scarface (1983) it shows the audience that violence is acceptable. The medium shots of Tony Montana with the machine gun show power and strength, the protagonist feels in power whilst holding the gun, it also acts as a phallic symbol to emphasise his manliness. The adult audience see the text as negatively, as it shows violence. This scene also contains bad content that children may pick up and copy, referring to the copy cat theory, which believes to inject the audience with actions and then they copy those actions. The constant sound of gunfire may result in the audience to become desensitised to violence. Yet it can be argued that the audience could watch the film in order to be educated on the consequences of drugs and power. The audience may watch the film in order to escape from real life, as the audience's feel they need to watch a film to relax and forget their own problems. As the gangsters are wealthy and represented as powerful, audiences may aspire to these characters and do things like them.
In this scene from Scarface (1983) it shows the audience that violence is acceptable. The medium shots of Tony Montana with the machine gun show power and strength, the protagonist feels in power whilst holding the gun, it also acts as a phallic symbol to emphasise his manliness. The adult audience see the text as negatively, as it shows violence. This scene also contains bad content that children may pick up and copy, referring to the copy cat theory, which believes to inject the audience with actions and then they copy those actions. The constant sound of gunfire may result in the audience to become desensitised to violence. Yet it can be argued that the audience could watch the film in order to be educated on the consequences of drugs and power. The audience may watch the film in order to escape from real life, as the audience's feel they need to watch a film to relax and forget their own problems. As the gangsters are wealthy and represented as powerful, audiences may aspire to these characters and do things like them.
Media Products - Different Mediums
Skins
Films and television series are presented across a range of three different media mediums; broadcast, print and e media. Skin’s is a television series shown on channel E4 at 10:00pm; attracting a young teenage audience around the age of 16 - 24. The series touches upon issues including dysfunctional families, personality and eating disorders, substance abuse, sexuality, teenage pregnancy, mental illness and death. Skin’s is presented across a media platform known as broadcasting, the main advantage of this is that the television programme gets advertised to the public which then attracts more viewers which in turn allows the television programme to be advertised in this case it being skins, ratings to increase. Skins is broadcasted at a certain time to attract its primary target audience which is 16 – 25 year olds as it contains some strong and sexual scenes.
Harry Potter
Harry Potter is also presented across another media platform known as Print; this is the advertising of the books and films through magazines, newspapers, flyers and billboards. The advertising in print is a key advantage and a good tactic as it raises awareness in the public quickly which then causes more people to become attracted to the book or films being advertised. Another key advantage is the fact that is becomes a topic of talk for some individuals; this then causes more people to become attracted to the book or film which in turn will make them want to go out and buy the book or watch the film. One other type of media platform which the books and films based on Harry Potter are advertised on is E-media. This is advertising online on the basis of the internet. This means that there can be a whole website dedicated to Harry Potter which fans and other members of the public can visit if they come across it. The main advantage to this form of advertising is simply the fact that the internet is accessed by a lot of people everyday all over the world which then raises awareness in the public quickly causing more people to become attracted to the books and films which are released.
Shank
Shank is a 2010 British action film written by Paul Van Carter and the directorial debut of Mo Ali. It was based and filmed around the back streets of London, highlighting the key issues of society today. Its main primary audience is one of which draws in 15 – 25 year olds. One way in which the film Shank has been advertised on a media platform basis in through the means of broadcasting. This is the advertising of the film through the means of television using colour, sound, images and text. This has been a key advantage for the film as it has raised a lot of awareness of the film to the whole public which allowed more television users to become attracted to the advertisement at hand and if they found it appealing the went to watch it at the cinema’s. Another media platform which the film shank has been shown on is through the means of print format. This means that the film has been printed in magazines, newspaper articles, posters and billboards. The key advantage of doing this has allowed the film to become recognised easily in the public as posters on walls, flyers and magazines all together being displayed everywhere causes individuals to become attracted to the advertisement which makes many individuals become interested in the advertisement which in turn makes them go and watch the film. The film shank has also been advertised in another media platform which is known as E-media. This has been a good key advantage as it is reliable as you know for certain people are going to view the advertisement and also this form of advertising uses many multimedia features such as text, sound, graphics and images e.t.c. Shank is a British film which has been attracted mainly by its online content and word of mouth.
Films and television series are presented across a range of three different media mediums; broadcast, print and e media. Skin’s is a television series shown on channel E4 at 10:00pm; attracting a young teenage audience around the age of 16 - 24. The series touches upon issues including dysfunctional families, personality and eating disorders, substance abuse, sexuality, teenage pregnancy, mental illness and death. Skin’s is presented across a media platform known as broadcasting, the main advantage of this is that the television programme gets advertised to the public which then attracts more viewers which in turn allows the television programme to be advertised in this case it being skins, ratings to increase. Skins is broadcasted at a certain time to attract its primary target audience which is 16 – 25 year olds as it contains some strong and sexual scenes.
Harry Potter
Harry Potter is also presented across another media platform known as Print; this is the advertising of the books and films through magazines, newspapers, flyers and billboards. The advertising in print is a key advantage and a good tactic as it raises awareness in the public quickly which then causes more people to become attracted to the book or films being advertised. Another key advantage is the fact that is becomes a topic of talk for some individuals; this then causes more people to become attracted to the book or film which in turn will make them want to go out and buy the book or watch the film. One other type of media platform which the books and films based on Harry Potter are advertised on is E-media. This is advertising online on the basis of the internet. This means that there can be a whole website dedicated to Harry Potter which fans and other members of the public can visit if they come across it. The main advantage to this form of advertising is simply the fact that the internet is accessed by a lot of people everyday all over the world which then raises awareness in the public quickly causing more people to become attracted to the books and films which are released.
Shank
Shank is a 2010 British action film written by Paul Van Carter and the directorial debut of Mo Ali. It was based and filmed around the back streets of London, highlighting the key issues of society today. Its main primary audience is one of which draws in 15 – 25 year olds. One way in which the film Shank has been advertised on a media platform basis in through the means of broadcasting. This is the advertising of the film through the means of television using colour, sound, images and text. This has been a key advantage for the film as it has raised a lot of awareness of the film to the whole public which allowed more television users to become attracted to the advertisement at hand and if they found it appealing the went to watch it at the cinema’s. Another media platform which the film shank has been shown on is through the means of print format. This means that the film has been printed in magazines, newspaper articles, posters and billboards. The key advantage of doing this has allowed the film to become recognised easily in the public as posters on walls, flyers and magazines all together being displayed everywhere causes individuals to become attracted to the advertisement which makes many individuals become interested in the advertisement which in turn makes them go and watch the film. The film shank has also been advertised in another media platform which is known as E-media. This has been a good key advantage as it is reliable as you know for certain people are going to view the advertisement and also this form of advertising uses many multimedia features such as text, sound, graphics and images e.t.c. Shank is a British film which has been attracted mainly by its online content and word of mouth.
UK Radio Ownership
Current radio ownership laws are based on the 1990 Broadcasting Act. The system is based on the total number of licenses any one company can own in the whole of the UK. No single company can own more than 15% of the total number of potential commercial radio listeners and the rules also ban ownership of more than one commercial national radio license.
The so-called "three plus BBC" rule is likely to be implemented, meaning that operators can own as many licenses in an individual area as they like, subject to competition restrictions, as long as there are four operators in any one area.
The Radio Authority and the Commercial Radio Companies Association has also proposed that the ban on owning more than one national commercial station be dropped in favor of allowing the competition commission to decide.
Capital, Emap, GWR, Scottish Media Group, Chrysalis and Scottish Radio Holdings - will become the possible groups at most, ridding the smaller radio companies from their job.
The so-called "three plus BBC" rule is likely to be implemented, meaning that operators can own as many licenses in an individual area as they like, subject to competition restrictions, as long as there are four operators in any one area.
The Radio Authority and the Commercial Radio Companies Association has also proposed that the ban on owning more than one national commercial station be dropped in favor of allowing the competition commission to decide.
Capital, Emap, GWR, Scottish Media Group, Chrysalis and Scottish Radio Holdings - will become the possible groups at most, ridding the smaller radio companies from their job.
Contrasting Magazine Covers
The first reaction when viewing this cover is that it will be focussed at a male audience. This is made clear through the central image taking up the majority of the cover - A young woman in very little clothing standing provocatively. Also the woman in the central image has a direct mode of address which is also a very important hidden visual code. This woman is luring them into buying the magazine. Although the textual information such as the articles shown is not directed at the typical man's-man it illustrates just how much men have changed over the years and are now becoming a lot more focused on their appearance. The types of articles shown would imply the possible psychographics of a male aspirer, aiming to give off the best impression possible to create a 'Wealthy' and 'important' reputation. The central article represented on this cover is "America's most outspoken starlet Megan Fox will not be censored” is typical of a men's magazine. The male readers will hold fantasies of being in relations with women such as Megan Fox.
This magazine cover is clearly contrasted to the first magazine cover aiming to appeal to an alternative audience of women. The straplines shown on the cover are the expected for a women's magazine for example " get a flat tummy in 7 days" and "318 bags , shoes & love-your-body fashion buys" the word "fashion" immediately attracts the typical psychographic groups the aspirers- who will want to keep up with the latest trends to create a good reputation and fun-lovers. In contrast to the male focused cover Cosmopolitan also uses a female as their central image, however she is more sophisticated. The central image is cleverly used to attract the female audience as older women will aspire to be the woman on the front cover. The direct mode of address attracts the target audience as they feel as if the model is communicating with them, almost making the magazine feel personal to themselves.
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